Poverty in America

The Rural Poor and Access To Health Care

Published May 07, 2009 @ 06:00AM PT

Many times when we think of the word "poverty," images of urban slums, soup kitchen lines and the homeless are the first thoughts that pop into our heads.

But as many of you know, poverty has no geographical boundaries.  There are many families living in rural America that struggle to survive with less access to poverty-support systems that are often based in cities. One of the most significant challenges these families often face is access to affordable health care.

A new report released by the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services paints a grim picture of rural economies and health care access in communities across the county. Among the findings:

-Rates of poverty are higher in rural areas than in urban areas. While 12% of those in urban areas live in poverty, 15% of rural Americans live below the poverty line.

-Rural economies that depend on manufacturing have lost 5% of their jobs since the current recession began.

-Nearly 1 in 5 of the nation’s 8.5 million uninsured live in rural areas.

-Rural residents have more out of pocket health care expenses than their urban counterparts. Urban residents pay for 1/3 of their health care costs out of pocket while rural residents average paying nearly 40%.

- Obesity is more common among rural residents (27%) than urban residents (24%), as are diabetes, heart disease and high blood pressure.

As economic conditions have worsened in the U.S. over the past year, rural residents have been disproportionately hard-hit. As jobs are lost in these communities, health benefits go with them. This fact risks exacerbating the already significant health care disparities between rural and urban residents.

Further illustrating the challenges of rural communities, a new report published by the University of Virginia's Weldon Cooper Center for Public Service predicts difficulty in caring for the state’s increasingly aging rural population. The report’s author notes that “rural communities in particular will face challenges because of generally higher rates of poverty and difficulty in providing adequate services,” and “because rural seniors tend to be older and poorer, they often have more health problems, are more likely to live alone and have a greater need for social services.”

In these difficult economic times, we must support our friends and neighbors as much as possible. There is no better time to buy local goods, and by this I mean much more than food. Shop at the locally-owned hardware store, gift shop, bookstore and bakery instead of going to a Big Box store and spending money that leaves the community immediately.

I am a great believer in the community multiplier effect which basically states that the more money that is spent locally, the greater the likelihood that this money will stay in the local economy and continue to re-circulate through (and benefit) the entire community.

The more money flowing through a local economy, the more local jobs that are created and the easier it will be for community members to access affordable health care. In my opinion, the strongest social safety net is built upon a thriving local and regional economy.

Now there are much more complicated matters to consider when thinking about how to ensure all rural residents have access to the medical care they need. I encourage you to check out Steph Larsen’s blog posts over on the Sustainable Food page. She has been discussing rural health care issues for several weeks and is much more knowledgeable about potential solutions than I am.

(Photo credit: flattop341 on Flickr)

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Comments (17)

  1. Lorna Christensen

    Yes even redneck squidbillies need health care and education.

    Posted by Lorna Christensen on 05/07/2009 @ 07:05AM PT

  2. Greg Plotkin

    Lorna, I'm not calling anyone a "redneck squidbillie."

    The point is that everyone deserves equal access to health care and other social services no matter where they live or how much money they make.

    Posted by Greg Plotkin on 05/07/2009 @ 07:31AM PT

  3. Reply to thread
  4. jan Lightfootlane

    To Me this falls under the heading of CURE POVERTY. When we have a mindset that everyone deserved adequate pay, we will also take care of health care to the rural communities.

     I know of a doctor who gave a year or two to the rural town of Jackman ME. He had a portion of his student loans forgiven.

    If you want more details about ending opoverty check out the 3 horses, at Poverty and homeless sites

    Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 05/07/2009 @ 07:13AM PT

  5. deZengo Moore

    We just had the Remote Area Medical Team donate an entire weekend to help those in and around Van Buren County TN.

    Posted by deZengo Moore on 05/07/2009 @ 08:03AM PT

  6. deZengo Moore

    Aplogies for the long post, but thank you so much for addressing a GROWING problem in rural America!  After going through my own personal battles :: breast cancer and a divorce simultaneously :: a few truths were bestowed on this "rural" individual.

    I agree that the health care concerns for our rural communities, and some states are very real.  Many having  higher than average mortality rates for even curable diseases. Rising health care costs combined with the increasing need for specialised types of health care to battle disease, is obviously a concern for those of us who actually reside and try to survive in this time of environment. 


    Posted by deZengo Moore on 05/07/2009 @ 08:05AM PT

  7. Greg Plotkin

    Thanks so much for your comments!  It's good to know that you, and others like you, are surviving despite significant challenges.

    Any other information you want to share about the Remote Area Medical Team?  Sounds interesting, and I'm sure other Change.org members would want to learn more!

    Posted by Greg Plotkin on 05/07/2009 @ 08:08AM PT

  8. Reply to thread
  9. deZengo Moore

    The high cost of health care and the fact that so many employees do NOT offer health care benefits for their employees results in little to no preventative measures.  Individual outside health care can costs can run the average lay worker almost as much as he/she make per month.   Something is wrong with the picture!

    LOOK @ FOOD COSTS
    Another thing to consider when looking at the causes for the obesity and other related health issues can be seen when we review what a family income is versus what foods are made affordable. It is known that the sugar industry receives government intervention and sugar is known and proven to be addictive and the cause for much of the health deterioration of generations of consumers.  

    It is almost out of reach of the average "rural" American to afford the luxury of eating healthy, going to a fitness center, nor the sheer indulgence of attending a yoga retreat or health spa. 


    Posted by deZengo Moore on 05/07/2009 @ 08:07AM PT

  10. deZengo Moore

    WHAT CAN BE DONE?
    Education!  Bring it to the people.

    The RAM Clinic Visits Rural TN
    In one very rural part of Tennessee a group of artists, yoga studios, musicians, doctors, dentists, and the communities who needed healing came together.  The RAM (Remote Area Medical Team) came to Van Buren, Tennessee to bring the medicine to the people.  April 18 & 19, 2009 was a great weekend for hundreds of local people who drove hours, stood in line all night just to recieve FREE medical | dental | vision care.

    Health Retreat at State Park
    Just up the road at Fall Creek Falls State Park the "Get Back to NATURE(al)" Weekend Retreat took place.  Lessons on sustainable living from Broadened Horizons provided insightful and useful information for everyone who attended.  The Georgia Career Institute brought massage tables, chairs, and an open heart as they provided free massage for park guests and employees! 

    Posted by deZengo Moore on 05/07/2009 @ 08:10AM PT

  11. deZengo Moore

    deZengoDESIGN studio donated yoga classes, held tea ceremonies (a Japanese tradition-with our "country" twist), as well as taste testing locally made & distributed deKombucha.

    Victoria Cummings from Chattanooga attended to share her knowledge of the Law of Attraction and meditation.  Others brought information about Reiki and other forms of healing touch.  Our friends from the Natural Answer in Sparta, TN were there to talk about the significance and impact of a healthier lifestyle and how to get it. 

    One of the most significant victories of such an event, is knowing the seeds of individual responsibility for health care through PREVENTION are being planted.

    We can point the finger at our water sources for putting poisons in our drinking water, or the added chemicals and carcinogenic's that are added to our food supply - but ultimately we have a choice for what we put in / on / around our body.  We must educate our self and take the appropriate steps to live a healthier life, because most RURAL Americans cannot afford  to be sick!

    Posted by deZengo Moore on 05/07/2009 @ 08:13AM PT

  12. Reply to thread
  13. Danetta Amschler

    I lived in rural AZ (ok, technically reservation), rural NM (not reservation but much of the surrounding area was reservation) and I grew up in a rural CA farming town (yes, those still exist even now).  The points that good food and stuff like gym memberships are not affordable to the poorer members of our society is VERY important - no matter which poor or where they're located (even urban poor).  It's the "junk" or otherwise unhealthy food that's "affordable. Exercise, beyond jogging, walking or riding any bike you might already own is generally out of the question and even so - the minimal cost of maintaining equipment or replacing stuff like tires or shoes often pushes the limits of the budget.

    Complicating this, many rural employers (and urban lower wage employers) will do all they can to avoid letting employees qualify for benefits.  Thus you see a lot of part time employees and even people with more than one part time job.  Ultimately you see a lot of people making "just enough" to disqualify them from just about anything beyond public health (presuming they're not in an area where it requires at least Medicaid).  Which just leads to more people who have to do what they can to survive on little income while eating unhealthy food, probably not exercising and - if lucky enough to qualify for public health - knowing you've likely got to drive an hour or more each way (if not urban) just to get to your appointments (if the place even makes appointments).

    Ultimately, it's just another series of glaring examples of how this nation treats the poor as less than human or at least very inhumanely.

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 05/07/2009 @ 08:38AM PT

  14. NYC Weboy

    I think one of the key, painful aspects of this is to keep in mind that "healthcare reform", as currently being proposed in Congress and the Obama Admin, does not solve any problems related to access. Expanding insurance options will, in some small numbers, allow rural workers to become insured (as Danetta notes, it's the working poor just above poverty line who are the real uninsured issue)... but that will not guarantee a clinic or a hospital or a doctor's office able to provide care. Or that care will be affordable.

    Then, too, one unfortunate liberal bogeyman in health reform is Medicare HMOs, which are targeted for large (and probably fair) cuts in funding that's been excessive... but we should keep in mind that rural seniors, who have access issues (and lack of services like exercise facilities) actually like Medicare HMOs, because it improves their options, and offers services they might not otherwise be able to get.

    The point is that what we're solving for - and what fits a lot of people's mindset - is one part of a problem: expanding insurance, in theory, will help some workers, especially working poor (if subsidized properly) and children... but questions of access and of affordability of care have largely been left out of the discussion. Greg's done a great job of highlighting a generally invisible problem... but I think there's an illusion out there that, with Obama, we'll fix it. So far... there's nothing to suggest that.

    Posted by NYC Weboy on 05/07/2009 @ 12:48PM PT

  15. Greg Plotkin

    Thanks for the comment, Weboy.  Have to admit that I'm not very up-to-date on the health care conversation in the U.S.

    Any thoughts on what steps can be taken to ensure rural workers (many of whom work part-time jobs and are do not receive health care benefits from their employers) have adequate access to health care? 

    Posted by Greg Plotkin on 05/07/2009 @ 02:26PM PT

  16. Reply to thread
  17. d p

    Thank you for bringing light to this situation. I work at a homeless shelter in Austin, TX and see the reality of urban poverty and homelessness everyday. However, I have also spent time on the Pine Ridge Indian Reservation, where the poverty is almost unimaginable. Not everyone of course, some people are successfull and doing well, but about 97% of the residents live below the federal poverty line; families subsist off of about $3500 a year!
    I don't think any one of us can imagine that kind of poverty, yet they are resilient, humorous, and generous, simply wonderful people trying to devleop their own economy and maintain thier cultural identity.
    Sadly, the health problems, crime, and violence is about 500% higher than the rest of the country - when people live in such poverty, it is hard to get nutritious and healthy meals, have access to healthcare, face depression and alcoholism, etc.
     I guess what I am trying to say is that whether someone is rurally or urban poor, we need to address all poverty in America. Thank you.

    Posted by d p on 05/08/2009 @ 07:04AM PT

  18. Danetta Amschler

    That's what I've repeatedly noticed too.  Poverty seems to always be accompanied by certain problems no matter where it's located.  Higher rates of crime - especially certain ones, and it's not just the ones like gang violence everyone thinks of first.  Often, there are quiet - and fiercely guarded - crimes like generations of child abuse in some of its most twisted forms (like generations of harsh physical abuse, emotional abuse and/or sexual abuse), or (like where I once lived) even stuff like "snuff films".  And between the pain of those crimes and overall poverty - or some mix of the two - many people turn to substance abuse to numb the mental/emotional pain.  Worth mention too, there are often notable mental health statistics.  Where I once lived in NM, at least at the time, the county held something like "the highest per capita rate of successful suicide in the country".

    The biggest differences I've ever noticed between urban and rural poverty in all my moving around are (in no particular order): overall rate of poverty in any location may vary from the national average as may the local average wage; cost of living is likely to vary (which can be a good or a bad thing if you're one of the impoverished); and living rurally might leave you stuck to travel a long distance to get to the welfare offices, Public/County Health and/or any local doctors who take Medicaid or Medicare (though having to find a local doc who'll do charity care sometimes results in a better doctor any how).

    And worth mention, while addressing poverty, you're right, not only does all of it need addressed; but we need a set of guidelines that correctly assess what IS poverty.  The FPL (Federal Poverty Line) is way out of touch with the reality of expenses and by the time you "qualify" for help you're way beyond impoverished.

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 05/08/2009 @ 07:49AM PT

  19. Reply to thread
  20. jan Lightfootlane

    I agree with Danette that poverty is the root of many evils.
    My father drunk himself to death at 52, because he could only get semi-skilled labor. He was treated like he had no worth and thats how he treated Mom and me, later the two sisters.

    I dream about the day when not only Oprah does a feel bad show on poverty. But when she and other media sources does a revealing show on how many are actually in poverty -120 million rather than 40 million.

    The federal poverty level has it WRONG. its not just 40 million who cannot feed themselves, but 120 million who can not afford eat healthy food. and pay rent. In fact another post has a report based upon government numbers where people can pay up to 3 FULL TIME jobs for rent.  and allow the voice of us poor to tell the solution. http://homelessness.change.org/blog/view/barriers_to_
    affordable_housing

    That day will mark the beginning of the end of poverty.

    So many sickness are caused by proverty, that you cannot talk about health prevention without mentioning poverty.

    For every person in rural areas we reach 50 still need help. With all respect to those provide needed direct services, we rarely provide adequate health care. Even with traveling Retreats. 

    It little matters if you live rural or urban if you can not afford the presciptions, you either wait and let nature heal you, orwait until you are acutely sick and need hospitalization. This causes the taxpayers extra money, big time.

    Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 05/08/2009 @ 09:24AM PT

  21. Danetta Amschler

    The sad - and very sickly (pun not intended) twisted - thing is that it's easier to get help affording or flat out acquiring prescription medications than getting access to the doctor to write the prescription FOR the medications.  There are many stores selling lots of the older medications for under $10 (often $4) for up to a one month supply and similar or better deals for 90 day supplies, but if you don't have some sort of insurance to SEE a doctor getting into a doctor and having any necessary testing to get that prescription is a giant pain in the patootie unless you find a sliding scale clinic or luck upon a place that does charity care (and actually qualify).  IMHO, that's akin to telling a hungry person where to go SMELL food instead of where to go EAT food.

    You're right though, poverty - and especially combined with how our society treats those in poverty - really is both mind numbing and in many ways dehumanizing.  I don't know how else to describe it, especially not when you start getting down to the levels that currently "qualify" as poverty under the FPL.  The levels of desperation, frustration, the anger that has no real foe but life in general and thus often gets taken on random victims (or very wrong victims like family) and with the anger often being shown via overt violence or really twisted forms of violence (like perverse crimes or serial murders) and lots of stuff like substance abuse just to "escape" what's often impossible to truly, REALLY escape for most.

    You can't blame the poor for being poor when there aren't any chances for them to get a good job within miles of their home (or even in or because of their own neighborhoods if urban).  You can't blame them for being poor when their neighborhood is the cause of them growing up and automatically getting a substandard education because of how schools are funded - lower taxes, means lower funding for the school, which means worse quality for the school almost every time.  You can't blame them for using various substances to escape when for generations now the "hope" has been broken promises and orders to "pull ourselves up" by the bootstraps of boots we can't afford.  You also can't blame us for not treating mental health conditions or other disabilities when we're denied access to health care - or expected to drive long distances with gas money we don't have and/or cars we can't afford.

    It's time to step back, walk among the poor and take a REALISTIC look at what poverty is and what it's going to take to help those in it - and what will help at least some of us escape it (rather than penalizing us like most "welfare reform" has done in the past).

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 05/08/2009 @ 09:59AM PT

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  23. deZengo Moore

    Here in Tennessee one way we are trying to help address this type of issue is through education and new approaches to health care.  Working closely with the ACS (American Cancer Society) we are promoting a new way of thinking!  PREVENTION not Treatment.  We must become involved in our health care through conscious choices prior to the need for medical attention.   I firmly believe the sugar industry has infultrated and addicted an entire generation to something that tastes "sweet" going in - but in the end kills you slowly through heart disease, obesity, high blood pressure, cancers...

    When people, even our rural communities begin to "think" outside the poor mans box social change and health care reforms can take place.

    I agree, rural / urban it matters not.  The common thread is our lower income families and individuals deserve health care, but they do need to become partners in this process. 
    -------------------------------------
    -Eat healthy foods
    -Buy Local / organic when possible
    -Get off the couch and into the world
    -Cut sugar and other processed foods out
    -Incorporate a stress management tool (meditation/walking)
    -Think about what goes on/in the body. 
    -Invest in a WATER PURIFICATION System for the home.
    Chlorine - Floride = bad chemicals.  Should NOT be injested.

    To break it down, there are people who own the businesses that make the money while they poison us.  They put chemicals into almost every product we purchase and knowingly do harm to their consumers.  Then there is the money to made through the medical profession who sees the patient, orders perscriptions or tests.

    This mouse wants out of the lab!

    Posted by deZengo Moore on 05/09/2009 @ 12:26AM PT

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Greg Plotkin

Greg Plotkin is currently a grant-writer living in Washington, DC. As a two-year AmeriCorps member teaching in DC Public Schools, he saw families struggling with poverty on a daily basis and has become particularly interested in hunger, nutrition and food access issues. He has also viewed poverty through the lens of his work with Habitat for Humanity and Charlie's Place--a DC soup kitchen and homeless support center.

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