Poverty in America

Policies that Make People Disappear

Published May 13, 2009 @ 05:47AM PT

I visited Chicago for the first time ever last week to participate in a panel about affordable housing in Chicago and New Orleans.  The comparisons are striking and frightening.

In 1998, the Chicago Housing Authority embarked on its “Plan for Transformation,” a HOPE VI funded, ten-year plan designed to demolish traditional public housing and replace it with “mixed income” housing.  According to the CHA website, the Plan “will improve the appearance, quality and culture of public housing in Chicago.”  From a starting point of 38,000 units, the Plan calls for the demolition of 22,000 units and the replacement of 9,000 units, with an end count of 25,000 units.

Not surprisingly, there was resistance to the Plan. HOPE VI developments are notorious for permanently displacing residents.  But I was particularly struck by one community organizer’s testimony from an older public housing resident who opposed the Plan.  This gentleman had experienced urban renewal decades ago.  He said that he opposed the demolition of public housing buildings because the buildings themselves remind others that people like him exist.

This observation was striking, and I thought of many examples of how post-Katrina policies have literally made people disappear.

In the fall of 2007, I visited the largest post-Katrina FEMA trailer park in Louisiana, cruelly named Renaissance Village.  It was converted into a FEMA trailer park when FEMA covered a cow pasture with gravel.  It was only possible to access Renaissance Village by car- you could not walk to it from anywhere else and public transportation was weekly.  It was surrounded by a high fence and patrolled by a private security company (who also controlled access- I had to obtain previous security clearance to enter).  All residents were poor, the vast majority were black, many had mental and physical disabilities, and a great deal of them were public housing residents before Katrina.  There was no access to jobs or even grocery stores.  I was deeply affected by this visit and the people I met. It literally felt like FEMA dumped the most vulnerable group of Katrina affected people in the middle of a field somewhere to be forgotten.  It was like they disappeared.

In the meantime, local and federal government officials have been busy ensuring that there are no physical reminders of these internally displaced people’s presence in New Orleans.  This includes local governments who have refused to allow the rebuilding of affordable housing.  But perhaps the most dramatic example was HUD’s determination to demolish 4,500 units of New Orleans public housing, much of which wasn’t even damaged by the storm or flood.

When I talk with volunteers who come to New Orleans to help rebuild, I always mention the devastating impact that the flood and subsequent policies have had on our affordable housing stock.  We have lost thousands of units of affordable housing.  Consistently, people are shocked by the numbers, and ask where these former residents are.  And the truth is, I don’t know where they are; nobody really does.  FEMA did a terrible job when it came to tracking people in the diaspora.

When physical structures no longer exist to remind us of people that are displaced and vulnerable, displacement becomes more abstract and esoteric to those of us that are less vulnerable.

Since Katrina, the homeless population in New Orleans has doubled.  There are still upwards of 150,000 people who have not returned to the city.  Yet, the further away we move from August 29, 2005, the easier it gets to forget the people that once lived here and that have not returned home.  We have fewer and fewer physical reminders of them.

There were many problems with public housing in cities like Chicago and New Orleans.  But it did provide basic shelter for the poorest among us.  Further, it served as a very visceral reminder that poverty and poor people exist.  These days, people seem to disappear into thin air.

(Top Photo of Chicago's Cabrini Green, pre-demolition, by TheeErin)

(Bottom photo of New Orleans's Lafitte, pre-demolition, by Karen Apricot New Orleans, who writes the Squandered Heritage blog)

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Comments (17)

  1. C W

    Lafitte and Cabrini Green are examples of what housing--for anyone--should NOT be. I wonder what happened to the people who lived there.  The most horrible factor, to me, in the Cabrini Green photo is the fence. Was it installed to keep people in, or out? (Probably both.)

    Posted by C W on 05/13/2009 @ 06:37AM PT

  2. Karen Gadbois

    The fences were installed, in the case of Lafitte, while they were demolishing. The buildings were actually a better model of public housing. Lot's of greenspace and low density. Whatever replaces them will not be as well built.

    Posted by Karen Gadbois on 05/13/2009 @ 06:41AM PT

  3. C W

    Thanks, Karen. Without the fence, it resembles the apartment complex behind me--where rent for a one-bedroom starts at $550 per month.

    Posted by C W on 05/13/2009 @ 07:05AM PT

  4. jan Lightfootlane

    Kate thanks for the overview In Maine I have dealt with a few Katrina victims. As the women who waited all day in one of the lines this one for the $750 credit card. Only to be told they were out of credit cards and she had to sign for a $200 check, or get nothing.

     Believe me, Someone got the $550 the women in need failed to receive, and most likely signed for, it just wasn't her or her family.
    The stories of the Poor go basically untold whether it be in LA. or Oregon.

    I will talk about another form of invisibility.
    **********************************

    Do Not tell Anyone the shelters are full

    Waiting lists for abuse and homeless shelters, have been in place for a decade.  Imagine making an appointment for a mouth later because your boyfriend might hit you? That is nearly as impossible as signing up for a bed slot two months in advance at a homeless shelter. In either case, usually the need is immediate.

    If top CEOs used shelters, the media would report the situation and demand something be done as they did with the foreclosure debacle. There were millions of foreclosures,  a  year, the decades leading up to thousands of foreclosures a day. But they affected only the very poor, they were not as now a trap for professionals.

    Once the media began exposing, the increased foreclosure activity. The public clamored for   actions to prevent the new poor from losing their houses.   So the American media plays a great role, in styling American life.

    When   the media of the 1950's and 1960's reported lynching  as anything other then a sport, with negro's being the equipment and dehumanized- then many people, rose up in turbulence and discord  until the matter was rectified.

    Perhaps I answered my own inquiry.   Of why the media does not carry the news that homeless shelters are running full since about 1994.   The newspaper and broadcast media do not want improvement. They want every satisfied to sit back in their easy chairs, content to read about matters the public cannot change. If they told the flaws of the safety net some fool would want to fix it. Then they would leave their easy chairs and the news and promote change.

     I would love to write upon the press not exposing the public to the real side of poverty.  This lack of full coverage means poverty exists. Oh yeas in the late fall the early winter, they do one fell through the safety net. But nothing on how broken the safety net is can touch print.  Occasionally a reporter will slip in the number of people turned away in the last year. But editors do not want them telling you the public what needs fixing-You might volunteer your time to building another shelter. Or worst start fighting poverty. And no longer read the newspapers. 

    I would be willing to guest write about how the News omits the blights of life of the poor. Let me tell about media's hiding facts from the public like shelters are filled. News sources can also blog and tell us why they do not carry stories of shelters being filled. I would like to know the excuses media uses wouldn't you?


    Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 05/13/2009 @ 07:56AM PT

  5. Sharon Blasingame

    Here in California we have mixed income housing/apartments.  It seems to work pretty well.  I believe the owners are given tax incentives to provide a certain percentage of affordable apartments.  And all newly built housing communities have to build a certain percentage of affordable houses for the low and very low income.  I think most of those sit empty because they still cant afford them.

    I heard on CNN last night that the banks that have been given bail outs to help stop foreclosures will not refinance houses that will not appraise at their original loan value.  Duh.. nobodys  house would appraise at what it was supposedly worth a couple years ago.  So it boils down to the money the banks were given for this crisis will do nothing.  Instead I believe the banks will be loaning the money out to real estate investors who will then buy up the foreclosures dirt cheap and then rent it out at a high price.  The rich will get richer and the poor will live on the streets.  Nothing has changed yet!
    Myself, I am disabled and lost my home a couple years ago and now live in a mixed income apartment.  In the last 90 days, it seems it has become mostly low income...we have a lot of gangs that have moved in.  With bullets flying I am now afraid to live here.  On top of that, I don't have the money to get out.  Social Security for the disabled had their raises taken away May 1st. It was like a $40 a month cut which is a lot of money for us.  (The media was sure to tell the news of the raises for days but I have not heard them report on the cuts, another wrong by the media.)  Its a lot of stress on someone who has post traumatic syndrome to begin with or disabled in any form, it just makes the problem worse.  From my point of view, I have thought about just giving up, selling everything I own and getting an old RV and go live in it.  A lot less stress...I have done it before while waiting 2+ years for social security to be approved.

    I also read here somewhere on Change.org that either New York or Chicago? is now charging people to stay in homeless shelters.  How cruel is that.  By most laws these places would be condemable and not rentable by law.  Its like kicking someone who is already down.

    I think someone with good organizing skills should start a "camp out on Capitol lawns" type of protest all over the U.S. to show them we will not just be shoved out of site and ignored by government or media.  Something has to happen, we cant just keep talking about it and doing nothing.  We have to get the media's attention and keep it for as long as we can.  One day on the news does nothing.  Example: Sacramento's Tent City debacle.  All they did was send some to temp shelters at the State Fair grounds, spent a million dollars doing so and still did not have enough beds or room for all of them and the rest just moved camp on down the river farther away from society's site.   

    I would like to hear some ideas for solutions if anyone has some.  We CAN NOT expect the government just to take care of the problem out of theirs hearts.  We can already see that most of them don't have one.  When ever there is a budget problem, they cut the poor and when there isn't a budget problem, they still forget the poor that need help.  This time the middle class need help too.  The divide between the rich and the poor is snow balling at high speed.  What can we do??

    Posted by Sharon Blasingame on 05/13/2009 @ 11:48AM PT

  6. Leigh Graham

    "I think someone with good organizing skills should start a "camp out on Capitol lawns" type of protest all over the U.S. to show them we will not just be shoved out of site and ignored by government or media." - That's an intriguing idea, except for the potential police violence that could follow.

    Posted by Leigh Graham on 05/13/2009 @ 12:16PM PT

  7. Sharon Blasingame

    They can only arrest you and give you a warm bed and food for the night.  It would have to be well organized to be a peace protest.  And a great number of people would have to show up and/or empty tents would work also.  With news stations/cameras there, the police would have to handle it peacefully as long as the protesters stay peaceful.  Tents and signs on the tents....no verbal protest and no verbal exchanges.  Signs could say things like "stop balancing wall streets failures on middle class" "stop cutting income for the disabled" "need Real affordable housing"  "stop cutting mental health care" "stop closing rehabs" etc. etc. etc...  Just about every cause on Change.Org could be put on a sign.  Poor and middle class people are in need of help in many different ways....  I would suggest though that the signs would only address problems within the U.S. that pertain to poverty in the U.S., hunger, housing, lack of medical etc.  Not that I don't feel for starving and children all over the world, I do, but we cant spread the message so thin that the point of poverty in America is real and serious.

    Posted by Sharon Blasingame on 05/13/2009 @ 12:36PM PT

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  8. jowey styxx

    The Mall in Washington D.C. has plenty of grounds to sleep on.  All the displaced people should come and visit - just make sure it is coordinated and at one time.

    How many are there ?

    It never ceases to amaze me how - or - more of a concern why those in charge cover up such things as described by this article ?  

    I can only assume that it is for profit and self aggrandizement.  They have insulated themselves by restricting competent legal representation.

    Consider the silencing of clients grievances, the client has no leverage over their advocate.  Reform Attorneys with functional oversight.

    How many people displaced tried for legal representation and were told it cost too much or like us were presumed guilty/dismissed by those "professionals" they talked to ?


    Posted by jowey styxx on 05/13/2009 @ 03:36PM PT

  9. Joe  Wilson

    Here in Oregon people have a given period of time to stay without paying, once one gets a job they are suppose to pay a given amount. They can also work at the shelter to help out. When I was in California I got stranded and had to stay in a shelter..  There if one got a job they paid to stay at the shelter, but they got it all back when they were going to move, and I had to help out.. little chores if wasent working.. Nice folks.. I lucked out, and got a ticket to get back to Oregon...

    Posted by Joe Wilson on 05/13/2009 @ 09:26PM PT

  10. Reply to thread
  11. Sharon Blasingame

    It would get more news coverage if this was done on every State Capital lawn.

    I just found out that California plans on cuts to the disabled again on July 1st. (SSI) This is in addition to the cut in benefits May 1st.  May was $47 and July is to be another $20.  Gee...  that puts us back about 5 or 6 years of raises.  The average income for a disabled person in CA will be $870 a month.  And we are not allowed food stamps either.  President Obama really needs to help us!!!!

    Posted by Sharon Blasingame on 05/13/2009 @ 04:43PM PT

  12. Joe  Wilson

    That's sad.. Well if Marijuana ever gets legalized there in California, perhaps the taxes can go toward those with disabilities and the homeless. I'm not sure where you stand on the marijuana issue.. but its an idea. When it comes to homelessness and diabilities it rips right at the heart strings.. These are our neighbors, friends , family members, we are talking about and they shouldn't be pushed under the rug and forgotten.

    Posted by Joe Wilson on 05/13/2009 @ 09:32PM PT

  13. Reply to thread
  14. jan Lightfootlane

    Guess California is one of them 16 states which SSI does not cover the price of rent. I like hearing FACTS by the people all over the USA.  It makes me smarter. Heck it makes all of more informed.

    we not just need to camp out at the capitols. WE need to tell America, by help the underpaid the homeless they help themselves.

    Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 05/14/2009 @ 05:54AM PT

  15. John Davis

    I have grave concerns about the gist of this post. I hear conspiracy theories about FEMA building fenced camps around the country for "emergency evacuation" purposes and vague references to the disposition of margenalized people by confabricating an "emergency" and herding us into these "stocks" like cattle. Now we have testemony that it has happened...Complete with military compound regulations (minus the P-X of course!).

    Here in Bristol, VA there is a 10 year plan to demolish 50% of public housing in favor of a much smaller "mixed income" development. This all started during that great Repbulcrat, Bill Clinton (a Republicrat is a politician who is hard to pin to one party or the other...Mostly "conservative" Democrats, like Slick Willy)...This bothers me. We direly need affordable housing and I wonder what all the freshly impoverished YUPPIES who have for two decades voted their greed are going to do now that their fondest wishes have turned into their worst nightmares?
    Rise up America, we can't afford to take anymore!
    Public Housing is not the ideal place for anyone to live. Most projects are just extentions of the local prison and look and smell like a prison yard (except both male and female inmates carouse) with prison-tatooed skinheads walking around with their pants down around their knees and their underware there for all to see. Violence is often just a step away...Then there are the inspections, often weekly...With the old buildings here, people have to take time from work to do the cleaning mandated by the Housing Authorities. Tell me, when was the last time you washed your walls?
    Congress needs to investigate Public Housing, but I doubt we will get a fair hearing as long as Republicrats are in there. So here is what we should do...Vote for Green Party Senators and Congressmen!

    Posted by John Davis on 05/14/2009 @ 06:39AM PT

  16. Lou Karsen

    There is a new, award winning documentary called Renaissance Village, which profiles the trailer park and its residents left forgotten. Check out the trailer at rvthefilm.com and become a facebook fan.
    Another interesting reason why trailer parks like Renaissance Village were set up in such remote locations is the NIMBY syndrome- Not In My Backyard. Many parishes in Louisiana outlawed the construction of FEMA emergency group trailer sites...

    Posted by Lou Karsen on 05/14/2009 @ 07:26AM PT

  17. jan Lightfootlane

    Why is it always fifty percent of what ever. National homeless and poverty groups want to end 50% of poverty. Is that so they can appear to be accomplishing a goal while they do the same old/and FAILED thing? I live in a natural mixed income neighborhood, lower middle class and poor. 

    It is fine do to having good folks no matter the income.  But since has not made me richer.

    Yes, Here comes the broken record. It IS the Time to Fight for everyone to bepaid the full cost of living.$620 in SSI when studio or 1 bedroom apartments go for $600- $750 a month  does not cover the need.

    Raising the minimum to $9.40 and hour in 2011, when the cost of living is $19.80 an hour is going to keep people trapped. Lets celebrate our humanity by having employers paying what it cost to live. If the employer can not afford it with raising prices the government should step in, ans supplement.

    Instead of an ecomony built upon the highest price the market will bear. Turn to one aiming for what is fair.

    Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 05/15/2009 @ 07:34AM PT

  18. Sharon Blasingame

    Yes but... when they raise minimum wage, all good and sevices have to go up to.  So its not a winning situation.

    I think tax breaks and affordable housing would work better.

    Posted by Sharon Blasingame on 05/15/2009 @ 10:46AM PT

  19. Reply to thread
  20. jan Lightfootlane

    I am glad you brought up that point. Let me ask a devils advocate type question. "Why do the goods and services Have to go Up?"  I know when SSI people get a cost of living increase prices go up, so yes, that IS what happens. Yet Why?  But there is No valid reasons why they MUST.

     But think deeply about it WHY does the raw materials to make a $40 action doll go up when there is a cost of living increased?  NO!

    Let me use an example I came across in life.  A guy complained he felt like he was making too much money. The object cost 6 cents to make and get on the shelfs. So he made a profit of $19.94 per doll; On the sold goods.

    I overheard him on a street talking to a friend. I jumped in,telling him to pay his workers more he said he was paying top wage (But still under livable wages)- other employers would be mad at him, if he paid his workers radically more than them.

    Think what I seek might be called "resource economic"  If a doll cost 4 cents to produce, it gets sold for what ever is "fair"-not what the market will bear. Say $15.00, that gives a profit of $7.00 a doll for both store and the manufacturing.
    guy. The price an employee makes an hour.

    So the guy could make $19.94 adoll when his employees make livable wage of $19.60 an hour for 40 hours, or $39.20 for 20 hours a week.

    If wages goes up, And everything else stays the same, prices should stay steady.

    Business wants us to think they are compelled to put prices up When SSI income goes up. When it  doesn't cost them more to buy plastic or coffee beans prices should not inflate.

    Think about this:Tax breaks are fine for the working, and if they cover the entire difference. They do not. Government give an arbitrary dollar amount as $3,000 a person.  That may not bring workers up to the cost of living.

    It is what amount will silence the trouble makers? Not would rent, repairs replacement, transportation costs, health care, utilities and food costs are encountered. 

    Our Affordable housing helps with 70 % of the need but only for 25% of those in need, on a good day. Cuts reduce the numbers aided.  

    I respectfully call for ending 100% of poverty to 100% of the people in need. This is UNTRIED, But its due a trial.

    Assuming you were open to my words, you might or might not think differently. But at least Change.org let me get that idea out there.


    Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 05/17/2009 @ 07:18AM PT

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Author

Kate Scott is Coordinator of Outreach and Development at the Greater New Orleans Fair Housing Action Center (GNOFHAC). Since 1995, GNOFHAC has been at the forefront of efforts to ensure open housing in South Louisiana. Since 2005 GNOFHAC has fought to ensure that all New Orleanians are able to return home by investigating fair housing violations, filing enforcement actions, and engaging in advocacy efforts with local and national partners. Kate is also a board member of the People's Institute for Survival and Beyond.

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