Housing Everywhere Unaffordable at Minimum Wage
Published July 26, 2009 @ 10:57AM PT
UPDATE 7/29/09: This conversation on minimum wage continues here.
On Friday, the new federal minimum wage of $7.25 an hour took effect. Yet:
...in no state can an individual working full-time at the minimum wage afford a two-bedroom apartment for his or her family. In fact, there is no county in the U.S. where even a one-bedroom unit at the FMR is affordable to someone working fulltime at the minimum wage.
According to the National Low-Income Housing Coalition's annual Out of Reach report on housing affordability in the U.S.,
A household must earn the equivalent of $37,105 in annual income to afford the national average two-bedroom [fair market rate] of $928 per month.14 Assuming full-time, year-round employment, this translates into a national Housing Wage of $17.84 in 2009.
So $17.84 per hour just for housing versus $7.25 an hour for all a household's economic needs. I wonder what "fiscal" conservatives have to say about this?
No surprise here: "fiscal" conservatives gripe about the impact on small businesses having to lay off low-wage workers. I have to ask: are those same conservatives promoting policies for more affordable housing, universal healthcare, high quality education and widely accessible, safe childcare to relieve their and their workers' economic burden? Certainly justifying such an exceedingly low wage as $7.25 an hour requires demanding a strong, durable government safety net to reduce the joint burden of employers and employees of high rates of turnover, absenteeism and work disruptions due to inadequate healthcare, childcare, and accessible, affordable housing proximate to work? Don't you think?
The minimum wage increase impacts more than 4M workers in a labor force of 129M. Certainly we can begrudge the lowest paid among us this modestly beneficial raise.
Above map on mininum wage differentials around the US from Stateline.org.
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Leigh is a PhD candidate in urban planning at MIT, and a consultant on U.S. Gulf Coast recovery. She sits on the Board of the Allston-Brighton Community Development Corporation in Boston, and has worked with non-profits, foundations and local governments on policies and programs aimed at reducing urban poverty and inequality.

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Man, does this point out a major flaw in the figuring of the Federal Poverty Line. If you can't even afford an apartment at MINIMUM WAGE - just how in the name of all things both holy and unholy are you supposed to find an apartment for 1/3 of your income at or below 200% of the Federal Poverty Line (and never mind when you get anywhere NEAR the actual FPL)?!? Worse, if the FPL is this wrong - just imagine how wrong all the guidelines are for all the programs are where the guidelines were based on the FPL (which means most federally mandated assistance programs).
I live in Washington, the state with the highest minimum wage. I had a friend the other day when this information hit CNN try to tell me how lucky I was to live in a state with such a high minimum. It didn't last long. I quickly explained WHY we have the high minimum, that it doesn't begin to cover actual living costs (such as I mentioned the market rate for a Seattle area studio or 1 bedroom and the necessary wages to rent that or at least the strongly preferred income - i.e. living/livable wage), and that it doesn't matter either way if you can't work or there aren't jobs. A lot of people don't seem to realize how much it costs to survive or that the cost of living can vary wildly from one area to another. Although, seems like more people figure this out than policy wonks ever do.
I can say this much from personal experience. I've lived at or near poverty most of the last 8-9 years. My rent has been 50% or so of my income - whatever the source - that whole time (if I had housing for which to pay rent). Didn't matter where, NM, CA or WA. So I don't know where policy wonks types think that lower income people can easily - or even at all - find housing for 1/3 or so of their income. As far as I've seen, unless you're lucky enough to qualify for subsidized housing or have a friend or relative to rent from who'll give you a low rent - most even entry level housing is closer to half your income until well into the middle class. Even slum lord run roach motels of the sort where you'd rather not live but might have to just because the "price is right" often cost more than the allowed 1/3.
I don't know, I just don't get why this is so hard to understand. Housing has long cost "more than it's supposed to" as per guidelines like the FPL. Which means the FPL is either wrong or sorely in need of a re-write. It also follows that the guidelines that spin off of the FPL are either wrong or equally in need of a re-write. Why is it that people who study things like housing can see this, policy advocates can see it, those IN poverty can see it - but those who set policy either can't see it or don't give the northbound end of a southbound rat?
Yeah, it's a sorespot of mine.
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/26/2009 @ 12:47PM PT
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Ms. Danetta, I hear you loud and clear. When they raised the min. wage in my state, the price of everything else was raised too. In other countries people spend most of their income on food. Food is,(supposedly,) inexpensive in the U.S. I still see people going hungry though.(Yeah, in the land of plenty.)
No matter how much they raise the min. wage, inevitably, the cost of everything will rise. Our government doesn't care about the people, just their money. While our government makes us pay for their dinners, cars , and vacations; they never stop to see the way the other 3/4 of the U.S. is suffering.(It must be great to have no conscience.)
Posted by L.S. hope on 07/26/2009 @ 11:03PM PT
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The only way people can make it on minimum wage is to live in other countries where the cost of living is lower. That's exactly what we are seeing happening.
Posted by Wire Paladin on 07/26/2009 @ 11:05PM PT
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I'm finally at the age of 40 and long out of both high school and college finally sitting down and reading Upton Sinclair's The Jungle. Everyone always talks about how it's credited with reforming the meatpacking industry but there's an equally weighted (if not more heavily weighted) theme about the lives of the impoverished struggling to survive and what their lives are like. Admittedly some of it gets hard to follow, especially if you have no understanding whatsoever of Slavic or Lithuanian, but it's there, intermingled with the tales of the packing houses. The story is, after all, a tale of a family group that immigrated from Lithuania to Chicago on the myth of the American Dream and "American Riches" .
After growing up in a farm town and now witnessing modern urban poverty, other than a few (and at least somewhat better enforced laws about stuff like sanitation, food safety and job safety), I really can't see too many differences. I REALLY can't see that many when I start looking at how we who are poor are treated by those who aren't poor, by those to whom we turn for housing, by those to whom we turn for employment and by those to whom we turn for assistance. Maybe the book needs a resurgence in popularity or a reincarnation with a bit more emphasis on family life.
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/27/2009 @ 12:02AM PT
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All economies should tend to the needs of the people. Not the way. AS it is today. As the bulk of costs goes to profits Share holders and not the workers, there is NO Reason to up the cost of everything because people make 25 cents an hour more.
I am delighted to see article such as these exposing the reality, and giving the poor who knows firsthand the cost of poverty a chance to be heard.
Danetta, I think minimum wage is way below the deflated poverty level. Mutiply the minimom wage by 3 and you have the real poverty level. the real cost of living.
It is time to email Obama, again and tell him $19.40 in 2011 not $9.40 am hour END Poverty
We American's and ordinary people of all countries, have a Right to adequate wages. We must tell Obama and all leaders we expect our economical rights to be respected.
Only by inserting a livalble wage will Obama win the glory he seeks.
Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 07/27/2009 @ 06:43AM PT
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The only problem with $19.40 in 2011is, it will hurt the small business owners. Some can't even afford to pay themselves $2.00/hour. I find it funny, you think,"telling Obama," will do any good. If you hadn't noticed, he doesn't care. Instead of tending to the urgency's facing Americans at this time, he is trying to reform health care. (WTF?) Maybe, if he brought our soldiers home, or spent tax payer money, on the U.S. not ,"U.S. Government's special interest," our tax dollars would go to programs that benefit the poverty stricken in our country. (Yeah, maybe, but I doubt it.)
Posted by L.S. hope on 07/27/2009 @ 09:11AM PT
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SOMEONE has to pay it. Either we finally institute a livable minimum wage. Or we finally institute a REALISTIC assessment of poverty along with REALISTIC guidelines for our "assistance programs" and then ADEQUATELY fund said programs so that they can help all those who need help - and in a way that doesn't punish anyone for being poor OR for trying to get out of poverty.
The other choice is unspeakable and unacceptable. It's what we've done so far - choose as a society to allow millions to languish and suffer in poverty. And YES, it IS a choice that is made at least as much by SOCIETY at large as by the average individual in poverty. That we've done this and more importantly continue to do this as a nation that not only calls itself "civilized" but a nation that upholds and values human rights as spelled out in the UN Declaration of Human Rights is appalling.
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/27/2009 @ 09:26AM PT
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Danetta you're realizing the other correct solution... Raising minimum wage won't work.
Think about an egg... someone is payed to take care of the chickens, someone is payed to sort the eggs, someone is paid to inspect the eggs, someone is paid to package the egg, someone is paid to drive that egg on a truck to a distribution facility, someone is paid to pull that egg off and put it on another truck, someone is paid to stock that onto the shelf... That's a lot of pay raises you'd be looking at just to get the most basic of food supplies to your home... and I guarantee half those people I listed live a comfortable life right now. Sure, they'd love some extra money, but who wouldn't.
It's more important to find the people who are in true need, who can't put a roof over their head, clean clothes on their back, and food on their plates and give them what they need. We don't need to support the teenager who is living on minimum wage and just want extra cash so they can get an Iphone instead of the phone mommy bought them.
Posted by Daniel Chapman on 07/27/2009 @ 10:26AM PT
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I grew up in farm towns. It might be factory farming now-a-days where one person does one part, another person does another part, and so on down the line, but a lot of it's automated too. About the only people in the whole bit that MIGHT be making above minimum are the truck drivers and the people at the grocery story (and that presumes the grocery store is union). I processed beef in an entry level management position for a whole $2/hour above minimum - the rest of the plant started at minimum or not far above and this WAS a union plant. What people make for processing food is a sick and twisted joke. No wonder so many food processors have to turn to hiring illegal immigrants - they're the only ones who think it's a decent wage for the work or at least don't know they're getting totally shafted for that sort of wage and how dangerous the work is. My experience has been that most people - by far - working for minimum wage or anything near it have families to support and would "love some extra money".
Now if minimum wage REALLY went primarily to "teenagers living on minimum wage" and who "just want extra cash so they can get an Iphone (sic) instead of the phone mommy bought them" then perhaps I could see what some states have had or proposed called a "training wage" as long as it was used ONLY for those under 18 but NEVER EVER as in NOT ONCE for anyone over 18 and this crapola like sub-minimum wages for people like waitresses on the basis of "presumed tips" was done away with.
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/27/2009 @ 06:50PM PT
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The whole consumer driven economy is unplanned obsolescence. Permaculture type social change is all that will ever change life for the poor. Quit giving your $$ to negative corporations and spend it where it does the most good, your own future.
Posted by john kreidler on 07/28/2009 @ 05:18PM PT
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Raising minimum wage to those levels will do NOTHING GOOD! Suddenly the cost to sell, manufacture, and distribute goods will skyrocket and while people will be able to provide a roof over their heads, they will no longer be able to put food on their kids' plates.
And think about the majority of the people working fast food for minimum wage, it's high school kids. Do you really need to pay them 350 a week for their 20 hours they put in after school? We'll have every teenager in this country driving a lexus within a couple years.
Posted by Daniel Chapman on 07/27/2009 @ 10:10AM PT
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Right, because every last one of them will want a fancy car instead of putting aside $$ towards higher education, where tuitions are rising at 5% per year.
But definitely don't raise the minimum wage to keep up w/these growing costs - good plan! I imagine you're on the front lines of policy advocacy for free and excellent and accessible public education, aren't you?
Posted by Leigh Graham on 07/27/2009 @ 10:28AM PT
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Even when wages aren't raised the cost of housing, food, gas etc goes up. It doesn't matter whether minimum wage or not. Daniel whatstate do you live in? In Az fast food is run by 30-40 yr old of hispanic descent. Teenagers must have experiece to get into fast food. I believe most people want to make a fair wage so that they can support themselves and their family.
Posted by Mary Ann Thompson on 07/27/2009 @ 10:40AM PT
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All high school kids? Really? Tell that to the many who work their butts off at or near minimum trying to obtain a college education. Or I just dare you to tell it to a group like the many in my apartment complex who are far from their teens and in many cases supporting families while working for minimum. Or even the community where I worked in NM where high school kids pretty much couldn't get jobs - because ADULTS had all of them and just about every job in town was part time and minimum wage. I'd really love to know where you got your info that the "majority" working minimum wage are high school kids. Even when I did work fast food, at least half my coworkers were far from their teens.
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/27/2009 @ 10:41AM PT
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No one has mentioned the suggestion that there needs to be more federal intervention in the housing market (RENTALS! I know it's a buyers market, but buying isn't for everyone). Affordable housing doesn't pay, so it's not developed unless there are perks available. Or, there needs to be a reform in the Section 8 voucher program. And/or there needs to be an increase in the number of vouchers available.
Homelessness, as we know it, began when in 1981 when loads of funding keeping poor people in their housing (HUD) was cut by President Ronald Reagan (we're talking by three-quarters, from $32.2 billion in 1981 to $7.5 billion by 1988).
I see the argument for higher wages, but the cost of living will just go up with it to match (I'm not an economist, but really, wouldn't that be a natural reaction?). Don't people end up paying more for housing out of pocket than anything else?
Posted by Marissa Pherson on 07/27/2009 @ 05:19PM PT
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Thing is, we've never tried it. We don't know. For one hundred or more years this is what business owners and capitalists have screamed from the rooftops in opposition to every suggested idea about minimum wages, maximum working hours, mandatory benefits, etc. - it'll raise costs on everything, it'll put people out of business, it'll cause massive layoffs and so on. Every time, they squeal like pigs in a poke yet the law gets passed and little if anything happens and certain not the massive and horrificly dire calamity they predicted. So why not try it? At least try raising it by more than the tiny pittances done so far.
As to housing you're right on that. If we can regulate financial institutions as far as stuff like mortgages, surely we can find a way to regulate rental housing. Heck, large cities have done it - landlords didn't like it, but the cities DID it. So why hasn't it been done? Only reason I can think of is lack of political will.
Odd that you mention Public Housing and Section 8 - and Reagan. The real tragedy though didn't start until Cisneros (under Clinton) added in Hope IV which began replacing the old public housing communities with the new (and much smaller) mixed income neighborhoods. There are articles all over the news today talking about Atlanta and that history and how many people just kind of disappeared from HUD's rolls in the last 10-15 years and no one seems to know if they found housing or not... Like this one: http://news.google.com/news/url?sa=t&ct2=us%2F0_0_s_0_0_t&usg=AFQjCNFbS19kn9tc85iZWp96rl7We9kLMQ&sig2=jJg6HGV7J8wMqIohgi6V1g&cid=1399602166&ei=Sl1uStmFOozElQTyxdr3Aw&rt=SEARCH&vm=STANDARD&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.google.com%2Fhostednews%2Fap%2Farticle%2FALeqM5jlwdklpqEbVJvjLUFn9v7Go18cWwD99N0LB05
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/27/2009 @ 07:07PM PT
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Actually real wages have been declining for decades, even as the cost of living, especially the costs of housing, food and energy, have risen. I don't think an increase in the minimum wage has any correlation to this.
At a minimum (heh), the MW needs to be indexed again to inflation, so it's at least keeping up with that!
Posted by Leigh Graham on 07/28/2009 @ 07:15PM PT
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Whoa, I had no clue. Thanks for posting this.
Posted by Justin Stewart on 07/28/2009 @ 07:46AM PT
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The prices of items are controlled by people. sorry I was not made aware there were posts, my email is not being alerted.
Yes there we be a few moms and pops, who cannot afford $19.40 for their employees. The government can place stipends on those people.
There is no god given reason the prices must go up $5 for ever 25 cents of pay increase. I know this because of overhearing a doll maker complaining he felt guilty making $40 per unit, which cost 40 cents a unit of all cost employee transportation and creating the action doll itself.
I said to better pay his workers. He said he was already paying top dollar according to other employers. And he did not wish to make enemies of the other employers.
This statement tells me the SYSTEM is set up to UNDERPAY ITS WORKERS And will not change until the workers examine the system closer and respectly DEMANDS adequate pay.
Dear had no clue, you are just the person us activist are trying to reach. With enough people willing to be educated this world could be improved
Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 07/28/2009 @ 08:10AM PT
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Without saying anything more at this point, I'd like to invite everyone to take a peek at the headlines and articles that come up when you do a search (Google or whatever you want) for "cost of minimum wage going up economists."
As a Sociology major in undergrad, I was attracted to this one (I like graphs!): http://contexts.org/socimages/2009/07/22/welfare-versus-minimum-wage
I'd also recommend reading through the comments there.
Later.
Posted by Marissa Pherson on 07/28/2009 @ 08:30AM PT
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Wow, where'd they find the respondents over there?
Capitalism at its very roots, even ask any economist, is set up to do whatever it can to minimize expenses and maximize profits. THIS is why businesses squeal like stuck pigs about changes in minimum wages - they increase costs - changes in minimum safety - they increase costs - changes in things like maximum hours or mandatory benefits - more increases in costs and none of these do anything to notably increase production (i.e. profits). Thus, businesses resist.
What business owners forget, is that if you don't pay your workers enough to buy your products you won't have much of a market - not unless you seriously adulterate your products to cut corners some other way. So they find other ways to cut corners. They raise minimums and work on not nearly a skeleton crew or they hire illegal immigrants or fraudulently use visa programs like the H1-B (ignoring the crowds of unemployed workers in the field of their industry clamoring for jobs in the blocks leading up to their building). Or they might eventually get caught up in one or another type of fraud - accounting, price fixing, something with their stock, etc.
Which is ultimately why unfettered Capitalism is good only for the Capitalists. It's also a good part of why our nation has continued to have such a rate of poverty and might figure into why we're so willing to turn a blind eye to Article 25 of the UN Declaration of Human Rights which is the part that most directly tackles poverty by speaking about a person's or family's right to things like food, shelter, medical care, etc. without regard to whether they can pay or if they can't why not.
I'm not sure I'd go as far as open socialism, but seems to me, that if human rights and business rights conflict it's not the business rights that should be automatically winning... Which tells me - at least IMHO - that we, at the very least, need a lot stricter business and labor regulations and we need to start actually actively enforcing all those regulations rather than giving them selective lip service.
But as far as that page goes, welfare isn't a "choice". Not for the vast majority. It's what happens when the system takes you past where you can go or when you realize that your wages just don't cut it. Then again, wages and welfare typically don't either. And despite the assertions to the contrary, welfare by itself in any form, definitely doesn't and most certainly isn't "easy money".
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/28/2009 @ 09:16AM PT
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Marissa - Thank you for that link!
Posted by Leigh Graham on 07/28/2009 @ 09:48AM PT
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Marissa I like that graph. But its counted on a broken poverty level which accounted for just food. Many states pay less in welfare and disability then even the broken poverty level.
In official reports it says in 16 states SSI pays less than the fair market value. This is true of Maine. The average SSI is $600 a month. A one bedroom Rent is $725 a month.
The mother with two kids get $358 a month on the average. Families get less then half the rent. Is that fair?
Instead of a market set up collect all the money the consumer well bear as in Capitalist. Then consumer forgetting to complain to companies. Lets have a compassionate market. One accepting all which is fair. Just point out where I am wrong, and points of logic
Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 07/28/2009 @ 10:50AM PT
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Marissa I like that graph. But its counted on a broken poverty level which accounted for just food. Many states pay less in welfare and disability then even the broken poverty level.
In official reports it says in 16 states SSI pays less than the fair market value. This is true of Maine. The average SSI is $600 a month. A one bedroom Rent is $725 a month.
The mother with two kids get $358 a month on the average. Families get less then half the rent. Is that fair?
Instead of a market set up collect all the money the consumer well bear as in Capitalist. Then consumer forgetting to complain to companies. Lets have a compassionate market. One accepting all which is fair. Just point out where I am wrong, and points of logic
Posted by jan Lightfootlane on 07/28/2009 @ 10:50AM PT
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I live in South Central Kentucky... a very low income area of the country... and yeah, the only people who are about 20 years old in fast food either can't hold a job because they quit a job every time they have a bad day, in which case they need to get their priorities straight and I have no sympathy for them... or are in management or supervisory position, and therefore making above minimum wage.
And if immigrants are willing to do the job for the pay, and can live on the pay, why can't an american? It's not like an immigrant doesn't still have to put a roof over their head or food on their plates.
And I don't know a single teenager who saved money for college while working their high school job... they would spend it to get a new stereo for their car, or new clothes, etc etc... these kids would spend their entire paycheck the day they'd get it while still living at their parents. They are kids, they are irresponsible and do irresponsible things with their money.
Posted by Daniel Chapman on 07/28/2009 @ 12:07PM PT
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That should say above 20 years old not about... that's as far as I'm proof-reading a comment for a blog on the internet though :P
Posted by Daniel Chapman on 07/28/2009 @ 12:09PM PT
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Oh, so because that's what YOU saw, or at least THINK you saw then it not only must be true but must apply everywhere to everyone? Am I getting you now? New Mexico isn't exactly flush with cash once you get outside of Santa Fe. Actually, where I lived was one of those nasty places where 95% of the money was in the hands of about 5% of the county's population - it's not hard to figure what the area's standard of living was like. It bit. Where I grew up in California wasn't much better, 90% of the money was in the hands of about 10% of the locals. I was in about 5th or 6th grade before my parents openly were disqualified from things like the free/reduced lunch program - and that was mostly because my Mom was finally working full time at her job with the other local public school (and this was with my Dad as a teacher). Wasn't much different in rural AZ or even metropolitan Southern CA though I haven't the slightest of things like income disparity.
I've worked in restaurants, I've managed them too. I've worked other minimum wage jobs. I think in all those jobs over all my years in all the many places I've lived, I've seen maybe TWO (max of 3) people who had the attitude you describe and both were much older than you're talking and had substance abuse issues of one sort or another.
Please take your stereotypes elsewhere. They're untrue.
Posted by Danetta Amschler on 07/28/2009 @ 08:40PM PT
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Ms. Danetta, I agree with the point that you are trying really hard to convey. You've done you homework,(As far as I can tell,) and come to the harsh realization that many other Americans have.
Ms. Graham, I don't think subsidizing small business is the answer. We need to eliminate our dependence on foreign textiles, food, and labor; bring these jobs back to the U.S.
Ms. Danetta, you pointed out you grew up in a farm town. So, you are probably aware of the unfairness, for small farmers, imposed by NAFTA. NAFTA was designed to keep food cheap. (It's not working, so you might have noticed.) Mexico is violating NAFTA right now. They are charging U.S. trucks entering Mexico a tariff,(tax.) By doing away with NAFTA, less illegal drugs would enter our country, and U.S. farmers could afford to employ more Americans.
Our Government is over paid, spoiled, and much too large. I don't want a rich politician determining the poverty level for our country, (as for they have no concept of poverty.) They have always been rich, and will remain rich, until we stop letting them use us like plow horses. We need to stop waiting for them to bring us up to their standard of living, and demand they come down to ours. They don't need private jets, or million dollar homes. Especially when the average American can't pay for the fuel in their vehicles, or the rent/mortgages.
First step: Do away NAFTA. Second:Bring our soldiers home. Third: Lower the pay of our elected officials,(this is a job, not an unlimited expense account.) These 3 things could save the U.S. billions of dollars, and generate billions of dollars at the same time.
Posted by L.S. hope on 07/29/2009 @ 01:11AM PT
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Daniel, Your assumptions about who's earning what and what people's priorities are strike me as narrow and uninformed. Particularly this:
"And if immigrants are willing to do the job for the pay, and can live on the pay, why can't an american? It's not like an immigrant doesn't still have to put a roof over their head or food on their plates."
Have you heard of doubling up, overcrowding, living in substandard housing? How do you know what kind of housing, food and clothing these anonymous immigrants are affording? Are they living on that pay?
I'm also curious what you do for a living that you know so many wayward teens.
Posted by Leigh Graham on 07/29/2009 @ 04:51AM PT
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We do a horrible job of taking care of each other in this country.
If we spent as much money on our "poor", as we did on our "inmates" - it seems we would break a vicious cycle and have less crime AND inmates. Over at Huffington Post, this article - http://www.huffingtonpost.com/gen-barry-mccaffrey/breaking-our-addiction-to_b_245401.html - states: "On average, states spend $65,000 per bed, per year to build new prisons and $23,876 per bed, per year to operate them." If we released our non-violent inmates and "invested" that money into programs to help the "poor" - wouldn't we break a vicious cycle?
Imagine if we could give a family of three $69,000/year - the cost of "housing" three inmates...THEY would have no issue finding "safe and affordable" housing.
It's all about priorities. Until we, as Americans, stop "throwing people away", too many people will struggle...and lack adequate housing, food, etc.
Posted by Jody Mack on 07/29/2009 @ 05:39PM PT
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I agree with you, in part. But, before we can reform the criminal mentality, that runs rapid through our society;we need to give these inmates the prospect, of a future when they are released. We can start by bringing our jobs back. Even low paying jobs build a work ethic, and give the low income a platform, to begin building a future on. Many inmates grew up in poverty. It's a vicious cycle, that is hard to break.
As for Daniel up there, what is wrong with you.?(I'm shaking my head right now, after reading your post.)
The immigrants that are able to live on the minimum wage are the, "guest workers." These are the ones that don't want to live in our country,(I don't blame them.) They are usually seasonal, and they take their money with them, when they return to their countries. There is a fundamental flaw in our immigration system.(That's a whole different issue, that I would not care to get into, at this time.)
Posted by L.S. hope on 07/30/2009 @ 09:46AM PT
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