Poverty in America

Helping the Poor Quit Smoking

Published November 22, 2009 @ 12:50PM PT

In Massachusetts, smoking among low-income residents has fallen 26%, thanks to a state-funded program that pays for smoking cessation treatment. It's a funny coincidence that I came across this article this morning; just last night at the convenience store I noticed that a pack of cigarettes is about $7.50.  That is almost as much as the hourly minimum wage ($8).  That's a very hefty expense on such modest wages. Poor Americans

“...are truly the individuals who are harmed the most by tobacco in America today,’’ said Dr. Michael Fiore, director of the University of Wisconsin-Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention. “The proportion of family income that Medicaid recipients have to devote to purchasing this drug they’re addicted to, tobacco, is higher than for virtually any other group in our society.’’

Low-income Americans have higher smoking rates in general; one of the reasons is the expense of quitting. So funding smoking cessation for poorer Americans who want to quit is a very equitable policy. When the state decided to run the program, which provides both treatment and counseling and uses intensive promotion to recruit participants, they expected 5-10% participation of eligible residents (those who receive state-subsidized health insurance). Instead, 40% have enrolled.

With such successful enrollment and cessation rates, the program has earned national attention, and advocates are encouraging Congress to require cessation coverage in healthcare reform. There are clear, long-term, societal benefits for everyone, not just the poor: their lower admissions to the E/R for asthma and other related health problems is just one widespread cost saving that results. According to Valerie Bassett of the Massachusetts Public Health Association, "...when we’re looking at cost savings, it’s one of the easiest ones to realize.’’

(Photo by matze_ott)

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Comments (10)

  1. Danetta Amschler

    I can see the health benefits - but knowing the "self treatment benefits" I'm sort of torn to whole heartedly throw myself behind this as much as I personally dislike the habit.  Smoking is an appetite suppressant - a useful thing when you can't afford food - and has anti-anxiety properties (very useful when considering the state of mental health care access for the poor and/or the stresses of simply being poor).  I guess what I'd have to say is that this is good, but it really needs to be paired with repairs of the rest of the safety net - like letting poor people get food and the other things they (ok, we since I'm one of the poor - just not in MA) can't currently get.

    I'm also a bit wary of the Constitutional and freedom aspects.  At which point will it cross from being voluntary to mandatory?  You're right to mention that it has cost reduction benefits.  But so do many other health habit changes - like if more people would exercise. Thing is, many programs, at least as I've seen employers try to implement them, apply the changes as one size fits all - and we all know that one size fits all never quite fits anyone...  What about disabled people who can't walk 10,000 steps per day?  Or a lactose intolerant person who can't consume dairy?  The proposed sin taxes that try to blame candy and soda (and only sugar sweetened sodas at that) for diabetes and obesity?  When voluntary, I see it as good - when mandatory, I think a line has been crossed...

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 11/22/2009 @ 02:09PM PT

  2. Leigh Graham

    "At which point will it cross from being voluntary to mandatory?" I imagine when the state starts requiring MassHealth smokers to participate, rather than just offering the free service if they want it.

    Posted by Leigh Graham on 11/22/2009 @ 02:19PM PT

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  3. Danetta Amschler

    Ok, so that's the obvious answer.  But I've (at least on this coast - and believe it or not on a lot of forums populative by conservatives) heard quite a bit of mention about how stuff like this should or could be used as "cost controls".  The whole idea just chills me as a mandatory thing.  Voluntary yes. But mandatory?  We don't even have the sort of scientific documentation to say *for sure* that the blame belongs where we're trying to place it in many of these cases at least not as directly so as would be indicated by requiring 10,000 steps per day and a massive sin tax on sodas that aren't diet (or even for exempting diet soda)...

    But maybe that's my narrow little libertarian-ish and rather rebellious streak showing.

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 11/22/2009 @ 02:35PM PT

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  4. Bryan Snowden

    Yeah, I too feel that this is a "slippery slope", and that ALL "Incentives for healthy living" they keep talking about in Health Care Reform debate/discussion could lead to any of the following:

    1. Mandatory requirements... "if you want to keep your  insurance", Insurance for smokers is already more expensive, than non-smokers.

    2. They'll offer the "Incentives" - that may start out as discounts on existing coverage.

    BUT, before long they'll start to automatically figure-in those "incentive/discounts" into what they consider "affordable plans"... and if you are a smoker (or overweight people, or any number of other things) your coverage will be put in that category of "Cadillac Plans" they keep talking about.

    And, since its (Somehow?) becoming more & more acceptable to (essentially) FORCE people (call it dis-incentivise, encourage, or whatever) into making politically correct - 'healthy choices'.

    I can easily see employers, insurance companies, welfare/medicare/any public assistance programs giving people a false choice - and offering to pay for "smoking cessation treatment"... the premise being that this gives them no 'reasonable excuse' not to quit.

    I've seen a few news stories on researchers working to find a "vaccine for nicotine addiction", that would basically stop the pleasurable/reward chemical action in the brain, meaning if it worked... you couldn't enjoy an occasional cigarette.

    You could smoke, but you'd get no pleasure/satisfaction out of it!

    Yeah, I'm very libertarian, cynical, and jaded for age.

    There are already employers that are drug testing for nicotine use outside of the workplace. I can easily see bosses requiring workers to take a Nicotine vaccine, or parents even = (before the individual is old enough to make that decision for themselves).

     

    This is a just the beginning of a REALLY "slippery slope" - that ends up with a world like the one in 'Demolition Man' where Stalone wakes up to find that everything bad for you has been made illegal.

    And lets not forget 'immoral behavior', "John Spartan, You've been fined one credit for a violation of the Verbal Morality Statute."

    Right, so back to the Original subject, if they want to OFFER this sort of thing to people fine, if someone wants to quit and needs the help, ok.

    But, the people that have taken it upon themselves to assume that anyone who hasn't quit smoking already is a 'nicotine addict', and 'powerless to quit on their own'.

    They can't see that someone (like myself for example) - having been fully informed of the risks, still chooses to smoke cigarettes.

    Now here's the part that people who don't know me don't personally typically don't believe. I smoke about 4 cigs a day - usually when I'm taking my dog outside in the back yard. On average, I smoke about a pack and a half a week,

    That's NOT a pack and a half a DAY, that's per WEEK!

    I've repeatedly figured out the average... over a month, then several months, etc. It's somewhere about 4.2 to 4.6 cigs a day.  Sometimes, it's 1 or 2, sometimes its 6 or 7.

    Over the last a 3 years its ~10 at max, and thats nearly always when I've spent several hours driving in my car. And for the 9-ish yrs prior to that -  I smoked about a half pack a day (=9-12 cigs),  'marathon' driving trips being the only notable exception.

     

    I didn't intend to 'rant' like this, but the main point I wanted to make is that IMO and my experience, at least SOME people CAN & DO smoke tobacco =(cigs/cigars/pipes) in moderation.

    Same thing with alcohol, I tapered down to two 6-packs of good beer/malt beverages (like the lemon-type beers or whatever) over 2 night camping trips... about 4 times a year.

    Then at some point I just stopped drinking (FWIW... it was by choice = I decided I dislike hangovers - more than I enjoy being buzzed/drunk.)

    Well, it also made my Doctor. happy...  I take antidepressants (who doesn't?) and it's common knowledge that you shouldn't drink when taking them. The first reason being they are a 'deppresant' IMO that's mostly semantics, but it can be a real issue for some folks. The second reason being its pretty hard on your liver to be taking those sorts of meds if you're a drinker.

    And like I said, I rarely drank anyway (typically one weekend = a Friday & Saturday night every 3 months), so it wasn't hard to stop. I'll admit I'm probably the 'exception' to the more generalized 'rule', anywho...

    I hate to see 'Sin Taxes' on some of the small basic pleasures in life, I don't care what the "social cost" or the 'cost to health care" (or whatever) is, 

    I believe that is just part of the cost of living in a FREE COUNTRY, no one ever said Liberty was cheap!

    I don't think that the judgemental "holier-than-thou' types have any right to insist that smokers, soda drinkers , overweight people, non-vegetarians, or people that make any 'less than perfectly healthy/safe' lifestyle choices, should have to pay more for it.

    It's the same old debate about who wants to pay for public services, the Fire Department, Roads/Highways, the Military, property taxes to pay for Public Schools, etc.

    And, now possibly some degree of Health Care for everyone - people complaining that they "don't want their money paying for somebody else's _whatever_", is ridiculous.

    Just because someone doesn't want to pay for something - that is for someone else, or that they don't/won't use - doesn't mean they can say "I refuse to pay for _that_"... Unless your from the south and it it's full reproductive care for women.?

    The right-winger social conservatives don't want any of "their money" (or any public funds) to pay for "_that_", because they don't want it to exist - I feel the same way about abstinence only Sex-Ed (2nd worse idea EVER, after D.A.R.E. - of course.

    Didn't any of these people watch "A Christmas Story (1983)"? And what happens when you dare a kid NOT to do something, and make it that much more attractive, illicit, sexy, etc.

     

    Seriously though Cigarettes costing the roughly the same as An hour of minimum wage pay is crazy, & a huge chunk if not most of that price is added Taxes "to discourage smoking".

    HELLO! Can't anyone see that does NADA to stop the wealthy people from smoking, and for poor people it often means they aren't buying something else they really 'should' be buying... (but no, not forced to buy).

    Like say, IDK maybe:  fruits & veggies, healthy food, gas for their car to go look for better work/go to school.\

    TO get a decent computer so they can start "networking", have a web-based email account (you'd be surprised how big a roadblock not having one easily accessible can be) - and NO having PC's to use at the public Library doesn't cut it - it might have in back 1997 but not now.

    I think the price of cigarettes shouldn't be 50% + 'Sin Taxes' and smoking cessation products - (especially the gum and the patches should be much cheaper) - if they really want people to help provide people that want to quit the means to do so.

    Posted by Bryan Snowden on 11/22/2009 @ 09:53PM PT

  5. Danetta Amschler

    I'm thinking it's something well intended but done heavy handed and gone (or at least going) horribly wrong.  Sort of like that college in PA that's in the news for mandating physical education/activity classes for anyone "overweight" as a graduation requirement. http://www.usnews.com/blogs/paper-trail/2009/11/20/pennsylvania-school-adds-bmi-test-for-graduation.html

    Voluntarily changing bad habits is one thing; being forced to do so is quite another.  It's particularly heinous when bad science is the force behind the whole idea such as trying to blame all heart disease on being overweight or saying exercise is a cure-all for obesity and a long list of other problems.  I know from personal experience that there are many ethnic groups (in particular, several Native American tribes) that have high rates of type 2 diabetes and even "metabolic syndrome" - complete with all the complications - despite remaining active, if the individual simply eats the "modern American diet" with its refined grains and sugar.  The rates of diabetes and metabolic syndrome go as high as 2 out of every 3 and yes, that IS with the people exercising and yes, you'll see that many of those who aren't diabetic will be obese they've just managed to escape diabetes.  So clearly there's more to it than we're trying to admit or than we know so far.

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 11/22/2009 @ 10:42PM PT

  6. Reply to thread
  7. Leigh Graham

    Wow. I hear the concern, but perhaps it could be voiced when this is actually a mandatory program, and not a FREE service for interested participants who then have an affordable option to quit open up to them that they wouldn't otherwise have.  Way to hijack the discussion with talk of something that hasn't actually occurred yet.

    Posted by Leigh Graham on 11/23/2009 @ 04:47AM PT

  8. Danetta Amschler

    Didn't mean to hijack it, but I've worked at employers who do stuff like this and it's sometimes a pretty short hop, skip and a jump from "voluntary" to "forced" and it's (in my experience) been done with explanations about cost.  Call it a learned distrust. I really hope to never see this from public plans.  Hopefully THEY know better.

    Posted by Danetta Amschler on 11/23/2009 @ 06:59AM PT

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  10. The agency I work for, runs a similar program for the State of Delaware.  It's been operating for about 7 years now and has helped the state become one of the most changed smoking states in the nation according to a recent report:    http://www.americashealthrankings.org/yearcompare/2008/2009/DE.aspx (check out what is says under significant changes).  The program is strictly voluntary and we're proud of the part we play in it.

    Posted by Heather Teig on 11/23/2009 @ 07:40AM PT

  11. Kathryn Schakel

    I agree with the concerns over the creation of a slippery slope into forcing low income smokers into such programs. The road to h-e-double-hockey-stick is proverbially paved with good intentions. However, currently state Medicaid programs DO NOT cover smoking cessation products AT ALL, even the ones available by prescription only, such as the inhalers. The irony is that the increased taxes on cigarettes are being used to fund health care for children in low-income families. In many cases, this means that the same parents who access this health care for their children ARE PAYING for it via the sin tax. This trend creates its own slippery slope; parents who might wish to quit smoking can barely afford  the prohibitive cost of the cigarettes, much less the product to aid them in quitting.

    Another disturbing trend is the increased cost and/or prohibition of lower-cost tobacco products. This year, the cost of a pound of loose tobacco increased from less than $20 a pound to over $75. And this administration has called for the outright ban of "candy flavored tobacco products", citing "teen use". This means that flavored "little cigars", which currently cost less than $20 a carton will be off the shelves. This product is essentially a brown wrapped cigarette with added flavor esters to make its stronger tobacco more palatable. Now while I have seen many teens use blunt cigars and so called "blunt wraps" as marijuana paraphrenalia, I've seen precious few of them smoke the "candy flavored" little cigars; so their ban, combined with the higher tax on roll your own tobacco, seems a thinly veiled effort to force tobacco consumers to pay that regressive tax on prepared cigarettes.

    A recent stay in a New York City youth hostel was eye-opening. Other countries such as Belgium and Australia are charging as much as $10 a  pack for cigarettes (as do New Yorkers). However, these increased taxes go to insure EVERY citizen in these countries. This coverage includes smoking cessation products. Let me assure you that citizens of these countries are happy to pay the increased cost. When informed of the "I won't pay for someone else's coverage" mentality here, they are shocked. the logic (or lack thereof) of such an argument is simply beyond their understanding.

    Currently, many states are very proud of Quit Line programs which offer phone counseling and a single 1-2 week supply of nicotine patches "for free" to residents who desire to quit. But here's the catch; uninsured smokers usually do not qualify to recieve the patches. Further, study after study has shown that different cessation methods work for different smokers. While one individual may do well on the patch, others have better success with nicotine gum (apx $30/40 pieces) or inhhalers (a whopping $200/2 week supply). Some smokers don't do well on any of these nicotine replacement products, and fare better with buporion  or chantix. Some do best using a combination of the available options. However, none of these pharmaceutical options are covered on state-sponsored insurance, or available through state Quit Line programs. 

    The answer seems quite simple to me. Earmark a portion of the taxes extorted from poor smokers to make the full spectrum of cessation products available to any low income smoker who wants to quit. No expensive new state-sponsored programs; no exclusions of those who lack insurance. No slippery slope. The day this option is available, I'll be the first in line at the pharmacy.

     

    Kathryn V. Schakel

     

     

    Posted by Kathryn Schakel on 11/29/2009 @ 12:34PM PT

  12. Lara Nunes

    If people wants to quit they will quit, they will realize its not worth it.Then again they can always look for other ways instead of paying that $6.50 a pack for Marbolo ciggs.

     I am a smoking and poor and I use to spend that money for Marbolo ciggs, but now there are other ciggs which cost alot of less. I don't think the government has the right to tell any human being if they should quit or not.it is up to the individual if they want and plus many of these programs will give people man made drugs to kill the addiction of ciggs, but in the long time be addicted to Pharmacy drugs.

    there is always a catch on programs like this.

    I rather see people (rich,middle,poor)quick drinking alcohol instead.

    Posted by Lara Nunes on 01/25/2010 @ 08:34PM PT

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Leigh Graham

Leigh is a PhD candidate in urban planning at MIT, and a consultant on U.S. Gulf Coast recovery. She sits on the Board of the Allston-Brighton Community Development Corporation in Boston, and has worked with non-profits, foundations and local governments on policies and programs aimed at reducing urban poverty and inequality.

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